威權政權類型資料庫

Geddes, B., Wright, J., & Frantz, E. (2014)

 *威權國家定義

An autocratic regime is dened as a set of formal and/or informal rules for choosing leaders

and policies; there can be multiple regimes within an autocratic spell. 

An autocratic spell is the consecutive calendar years in which some autocratic regime ruled the country;

autocratic spell may be interrupted by years in which a democracy, foreign occupier, or

failed state controlled the majority of the territory.

*Spell, duration, term

Term: (unit of analysis: leader)法規有規定的任期。例如中華民國的總統一任是4年

Spell: (unit of analysis: polity)威權政權連續掌權的時間。

gwf_casename:

Cuba 59-NA: 表示這個政權從1959年開始執政至今

Haiti 41-46: 表示這個政權從1941執政到1946

“An autocratic spell refers to the consecutive calendar years a country is ruled by some form of dictatorship.”(Geddes, Wright, & Frantz, 2014)

Geddes等人把威權政權分成個人、世襲、軍事、單一政黨威權政體這四種類型。一個政權可能會在這幾種type之間流動，例如中國在胡錦濤時期被歸類到單一政黨，但到習近平上任後，中國被歸類到個人獨裁。但是政體本身仍是威權政體，所以spell仍是繼續計算，並未中斷。

Duration: (unit of analysis: leader) 領導人在職的時間(時到今日執政幾年了)。例如議會民主制國家，首相可能做不滿任期，中途因為不信任案而下台，造成duration比term短的情形     

Gandhi (2004) 1946-2002, unit: country-year

*威權國家定義

 "regimes in which the rulers acquire power by means other than competitive elections" (p. 7)

也因此，用Gandhi的資料有一個風險是，如果領導者是透過競爭性選舉當選，但在任內變得越發極權，這類型的樣本並不會被包括進來。

reference: 

Bjørnskov, Christian, and Rode, Martin. 2018. “Regime Types and Regime Change: A New Dataset.” http://www.christianbjoernskov.com/bjoernskovrodedata/.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Buehler, M., & Ayari, M. (2018). The autocrat’s advisors: Opening the black box of ruling coalitions in Tunisia’s authoritarian regime. Political Research Quarterly, 71(2), 330-346.

Gandhi, J. (2004). Political institutions under dictatorship. New York University.

Geddes, B., Wright, J., & Frantz, E. (2014). Autocratic breakdown and regime transitions: A new data set. Perspectives on politics, 12(2), 313-331.

Nyrup, J., & Bramwell, S. (2020). Who governs? a new global dataset on members of cabinets. American Political Science Review, 114(4), 1366-1374.